In the 1100's and 1200's, a great penitential movement spread across Europe. Lay people began to convert from worldly ways to spiritual ones and adopted certain penitential practices to enable them to do so. These people were called penitents or conversi (converted ones). In the year 1260 a mass penitential movement began in the Italian city of Perugia. Reasons for the rise and decline of the Flagellant movement. The author century, the roads of centra1 and eastern Europe were sporadically clogged with The Christian movement known as the Penitents goes back to the 4th century. Those who had committed serious sins confessed their sins to the Bishop or his representative and were assigned a penance that was to be carried out over a period of time. After completing their penance, they were reconciled the Bishop with a These sins included such things as adultery, murder, the Rise. Saunière’s magical workings and the penitential movement in Europe. Isaac Ben Jacob and Sarah Fishberg
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